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{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

In 1995 about 700,000 robots were operating in the industrialized world. Over 500,000 were used in Japan, about 120,000 in Western Europe, and about 2,000 in the United States. Many robot applications are for tasks that are either dangerous or unpleasant for human beings. In medical laboratories, robots handle potentially hazardous materials, such as blood or urine samples. In other cases, robots are used in repetitive’, monotonous tasks in which human performance might degrade over time. Robots can perform these repetitive, high-precision operations 24 hours a day without fatigue. A major user of robots is the automobile industry. General Motors Corporation uses approximately 16,000 robots for tasks such as spot welding, painting, machine loading, parts transfer, and assembly. Assembly is one of the fastest growing industrial applications of robotics. It requires higher precision than welding or painting and depen
A. robots can be used in many fields
B. what jobs robots can do
C. robots’ activities
D. human being’s partner --robots

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{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

In 1995 about 700,000 robots were operating in the industrialized world. Over 500,000 were used in Japan, about 120,000 in Western Europe, and about 2,000 in the United States. Many robot applications are for tasks that are either dangerous or unpleasant for human beings. In medical laboratories, robots handle potentially hazardous materials, such as blood or urine samples. In other cases, robots are used in repetitive’, monotonous tasks in which human performance might degrade over time. Robots can perform these repetitive, high-precision operations 24 hours a day without fatigue. A major user of robots is the automobile industry. General Motors Corporation uses approximately 16,000 robots for tasks such as spot welding, painting, machine loading, parts transfer, and assembly. Assembly is one of the fastest growing industrial applications of robotics. It requires higher precision than welding or painting and depen
A. Impact of robots.
B. Relationship between robots and jobs.
C. Robotic manipulators.
D. Damages of robots.

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TEXT B

For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human development long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.
Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day these days on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, say some of the voices, it doesn’t really work, we’d tried
A. Many valuable items were produced in the past.
B. Man supports scientific progress unanimously.
C. Some held hostile attitude toward science in the past.
D. Three hundred years is not long enough in science.

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Autonomous robots are able to move and decide by themselves. At a simple level, these can include robot vacuum cleaners that "decide" what to react to human behaviors without human intervention.
The University of the West of England’s David McGoran takes his Heart Robot on a touchy feely tour, allowing it to come face to face with a spider-like robot built by Matt Denton of Micromagic Systems. Both robots are being displayed at the London Science Museum until July 31st.
The heart robot that "enjoys" being hugged and stroked could be among the first robots to signify a new era of "emotional machines" used for medical treatment and enjoyment, according to one of its inventors.
It has a beating heart which rises when the body is shaken, but slows down when treated calmly. In addition, Heart’s eyes flutter in respon
A. he wants to take his robot on a touchy feely tour
B. he wants to see Matt Denton
C. he wants to show the spider-like robot
D. heart robot will be displayed there

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TEXT B

We are profoundly ignorant about the origins of language and have to content ourselves with more or less plausible speculations. We do not even know for certain when language arose, but it seems likely that it goes back to the earliest history of man, perhaps haft a million years ago. We have no direct evidence, but it seems probable that it took the earliest forms of human cooperation. In the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene(更新世) period, our earliest human ancestors established the Old Stone Age culture; they made stone tools and, later, tools of bone, ivory, and antler; they made fire and cooked their food; they hunted big game, often by methods that called for considerable cooperation and coordination. As their material culture gradually developed, they became artists and drew pebbles as well as wonderful paintings

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{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

SOMETHING ABOUT NAPLES just seems made for comedy. The name alone conjures up pizza, and lovable, incorrigible innocents warbling "O Sole Mio"; a nutty little corner of the world where the id runs wild and the only answer to the question "Why " appears to be "Why not "
Naples: the butter-side-down of Italian cities, where even the truth has a strangely fictitious tinge. One day a car rearended one of the city’ s minibuses. The bus driver got out to investigate. While he stood there talking, his only passenger took the wheel and drove off. Neither passenger nor bus was ever seen again.
Then there was that busy lunch hour in the central post office when a crack in the ceiling opened and postal workers were overwhelmed by an avalanche of stale croissants. As the cleaners hauled away garbage bags of
A. Naples has a high incidence of traffic accidents
B. anything extraordinary can happen in Naples
C. people there love to store food for years
D. everything appears to be on the wrong side

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{{B}}TEXT A{{/B}}

Robots have been the stuff of popular culture for so long that We think of them mostly as a fun. In the next decade they will finally become practical beyond factory assembly lines. Granted, they won’t perform the wonderous stunts they do in movies; the first generation of "real" robots may seem a bit crude. But by the end of the decade, we may well encounter tiny robots cooking hamburgers in fast - food restaurants, mopping up shopping malls, even delivering meal trays in hospitals.
Two factors are pushing the development of robotics: technology and economics. Artificial intelligence is the key to a successful robot, but some of the simplest tasks for a human mind are difficult for a robot. One example: the ability to look at the comer of a room, where walls and ceiling meet, and know that the corner goes in, not out. Easy for humans, very tough for real -world R2D25. But new neural-network computers,
A. Optimistic.
B. Pessimistic.
C. Skeptical.
D. Disbelieving.

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