The multibillion-dollar international pharmaceutical industry has been accused of manipulating the results of drug trials for financial gain and withholding information that could expose patients to possible harm.
The stranglehold the industry has on research is causing increasing alarm in medical circles as evidence emerges of biased results, under-reporting and selective publication driven by a market worth more than 10 billion pounds in Britain alone.
The industry has sponsored the trials of new drugs which have held out great promise for patients with cancer, heart disease, mental health problems and other illnesses.
But the tests on the same drugs in independent trials paid for by non-profit organizations— governments, medical institutions or charities—have yielded very different results.
The drugs for abnormal heart rhythm introduced in the late 1970s were killing more Americans every year by 1990 than the Vietnam War.
Yet
A. controlling the drug market for its own profit
B. overlooking its yield of destructive medicine
C. neglecting research on the ill-effects of drugs
D. covering up the adverse results of drug trials
Think about what would make you really, really happy. More money Wrong. Smiling, well-adjusted kids Wrong again. The fact is we are terrible at predicting the source of joy. And whatever choices we do make, we likely later decide it was all for the best.
These are insights from happiness economics, perhaps the hottest field in what used to be called the dismal science. Happiness is everywhere--on the best-seller lists, in the minds of policymakers, and front and center for economists--yet it remains elusive. The golden role of economics has always been that well-being is a simple function of income. That’s why nations and people alike strive for higher incomes-money gives us choice and a measure of freedom. After a certain income can, we simply don’t get any happier. And it isn’t what we have, but whether we have more than our neighbor, that really matters. So the news last week that in 2006 top hedge-fund managers took home $ 240 million, minimum, proba
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