[单项选择]

Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well as taking them. And the work they do need not be at the expense of native workers. Immigrants often hold jobs that natives are unwilling to accept at any feasible wage.
Also, immigrants sometimes help to keep industries viable (能存活的) that would otherwise disappear altogether, causing employment to fall. This was the conclusion of a study of the Los Angeles garment industry in the 1970s and 1980s. And when immigrants working for low wages do put downward pressure on natives’ wages, they may raise the (real) wages of natives in general by keeping prices lower than they otherwise would be.
In theory, then, the net effect of immigration on native wages is uncertain. Unfortunately, most of the empirical (经验主义的) research on whether immigrants make natives worse off in practice is also inconclusive except the effect, one way or the other, seems small. Most of this research has been done in A
A. they only take jobs created by immigrants
B. they often hold jobs that natives don’t accept
C. they do not put downward pressure on natives’ wages
D. they are unemployed most of the time

[单项选择]

Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well as taking them. And the work they do need not be at the expense of native workers. Immigrants often hold jobs that natives are unwilling to accept at any feasible wage.
Also, immigrants sometimes help to keep industries viable (能存活的) that would otherwise disappear altogether, causing employment to fall. This was the conclusion of a study of the Los Angeles garment industry in the 1970s and 1980s. And when immigrants working for low wages do put downward pressure on natives’ wages, they may raise the (real) wages of natives in general by keeping prices lower than they otherwise would be.
In theory, then, the net effect of immigration on native wages is uncertain. Unfortunately, most of the empirical (经验主义的) research on whether immigrants make natives worse off in practice is also inconclusive except the effect, one way or the other, seems small. Most of this research has been done in A
A. sometimes help to maintain the existence of some industries
B. sometimes cause employment to fall
C. may lower the wages of natives in general
D. may help promote inflation

[单项选择]

Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major element to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways:
Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system serving the entire nation, as is the large and complex military establishment. Conversely, the construction and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily paid for by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are also the responsibilities of local government.
Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted
A. Postal system.
B. Military establishment.
C. Funding the public educational systems.
D. Police and fire protection service.

[填空题]New producers, new consumers

[填空题]Effective feedback is well timed so that the employee can (easy) ______ connect the feed- back with his actions.

[填空题]Consumers would like to take in less calories so food manufacturers often print a smaller calorie number on a food packet.

[单项选择]The computer doesn’t work well, so something （） wrong.
A. can have gone            
B. should have gone
C. must have gone            
D. ought to have gone

[单项选择]Why did the woman remember James so well
A. He was late for school on the first day．
B. He had a funny face．
C. He was the first person she met at school．
D. He liked to show off in class．

[单项选择]
Young consumers often have not established their credit ratings. Many do not have steady incomes. They might have difficulty borrowing money from an agency in business to make loans. Parents or relatives are usually their best source of loans. Of course, the parents or relatives would have to have money available and be willing to lend it. You might even get an interest-free loan. However, a parent or relative who lends should receive the same interest as any other lender.
There are disadvantages in borrowing from parents or relatives. One is that they may not insist on you paying back the money by a certain time. As a result, you might let the loan drag on. This is especially true if you are not required to pay interest. This is not a way to develop good credit habits.
For most consumers, the cheapest place to borrow is at a commercial bank. Banks are a good source of installment loan which m
A. installment loans that may run from 12 to 30 months.
B. installment loans that may run from 30 to 90 days.
C. single-payment loans that may run from 30 to 90 days.
D. single-payment loans that may run from 12 to 30 months.