[填空题]New producers, new consumers

[单项选择]

Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major element to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways:
Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system serving the entire nation, as is the large and complex military establishment. Conversely, the construction and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily paid for by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are also the responsibilities of local government.
Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted
A. Postal system.
B. Military establishment.
C. Funding the public educational systems.
D. Police and fire protection service.

[单项选择]

Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well as taking them. And the work they do need not be at the expense of native workers. Immigrants often hold jobs that natives are unwilling to accept at any feasible wage.
Also, immigrants sometimes help to keep industries viable (能存活的) that would otherwise disappear altogether, causing employment to fall. This was the conclusion of a study of the Los Angeles garment industry in the 1970s and 1980s. And when immigrants working for low wages do put downward pressure on natives’ wages, they may raise the (real) wages of natives in general by keeping prices lower than they otherwise would be.
In theory, then, the net effect of immigration on native wages is uncertain. Unfortunately, most of the empirical (经验主义的) research on whether immigrants make natives worse off in practice is also inconclusive except the effect, one way or the other, seems small. Most of this research has been done in A
A. they only take jobs created by immigrants
B. they often hold jobs that natives don’t accept
C. they do not put downward pressure on natives’ wages
D. they are unemployed most of the time

[单项选择]Under the new law, consumers are entitled to ______ if products malfunction or fail to perform as promised.
A. compensate
B. compensated
C. compensating
D. compensation

[单项选择]
Young consumers often have not established their credit ratings. Many do not have steady incomes. They might have difficulty borrowing money from an agency in business to make loans. Parents or relatives are usually their best source of loans. Of course, the parents or relatives would have to have money available and be willing to lend it. You might even get an interest-free loan. However, a parent or relative who lends should receive the same interest as any other lender.
There are disadvantages in borrowing from parents or relatives. One is that they may not insist on you paying back the money by a certain time. As a result, you might let the loan drag on. This is especially true if you are not required to pay interest. This is not a way to develop good credit habits.
For most consumers, the cheapest place to borrow is at a commercial bank. Banks are a good source of installment loan which m
A. The newest type of bank loan is simple to get.
B. Bank loans are more difficult to get.
C. Banks charge higher interest rates.
D. Banks offer loans to those having a fairly good credit ratin

[单项选择]

The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this (1) frequently have to make (2) as to their competitors’ role when making marketing strategy (3) . If major competitors are changing their products, then a marketer may want to (4) suit to remain competitive. Apple Computer, Inc. has introduced two new, faster personal computers, the Mackintosh Ⅱ and Mackintosh SE, in anticipation of the (5) of a new PC by IBM, one of Apple’s major competitors.
Apple’s new computers are much faster and more powerful than its earlier (6) . The improved Mackintosh is able to run programs that (7) were impossible to run on an Apple PC, including IBM-compatible programs. This compatibility feature (8) computer manufactures’ new attitude of giving customers the features they want. Making Apple comp
A. popular
B. precious
C. intense
D. humble