[单项选择]A 21-year-old client with a history of ulcerative colitis is hospitalized for an exacerbation. When planning dietary teaching, the nurse should recommend that the client consume（）
A. high-protein foods, such as eggs, meat, and cheese.
B. whole milk and other dairy products.
C. raw fruits and vegetables.
D. products containing caffeine.

[单项选择]A client with a long history of ulcerative colitis takes sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) to control the condition. The nurse would anticipate the client to have which nutritional deficit that can occur as a result of taking this drug（）
A. Colbalamin.
B. Folic acid.
C. Niacin.
D. Iron.

[单项选择]A client with ulcerative colitis is chatting with the nurse. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the lifestyle modifications he needs to make（）
A. "I will have to stop smoking. "
B. "I can eat popcorn for an evening snack. "
C. "I may have coffee with my meals. "
D. "I am allowed to have alcohol as long as I only drink wine. /

[单项选择]When caring for a client with ulcerative colitis, the nurse should include which of the following nursing interventions in the plan of care（）
A. Encouraging the use of stool softeners.
B. Suggesting sitz baths as needed.
C. Arrange for the client to have a private bathroom.
D. Wearing a gown to provide direct care.

[单项选择]When taking a health history from a client with moderate dementia, the nurse would expect to note the presence of（　）
A. Hypervigilance
B. Increased inhibition
C. Enhanced intelligence
D. Accentuated premorbid traits

[单项选择]A client with a known history of opiate addiction is treated for multiple stab wounds to the abdomen. After surgical repair the nurse notes that the client’s pain is not relieved by the prescribed IM meperidine hvdrochloride(Demerol)injections. The nurse recognizes that the failure to achieve pain relief from the Demeroi injections indicates that the client is probably experiencing the phenomenon of（　）
A. Tolerance
B. Habituation
C. Physical addiction
D. Psychological addiction

[单项选择]A client with a history of heart failure is examined in the outpatient department to investigate the recent onset of peripheral edema and increased shortness of breath. Physical　findings include bilateral crackles, a third heart sound (S₃), distended neck veins, elevated blood pressure, and pitting edema of the ankles. The nurse documents the severity of pitting edema as +1. What is the best description of this type of edema（）
A. Barely detectable depression when the thumb is released from the swollen area; normal foot and leg contours.
B. Detectable depression of less than 5 mm when the thumb is released from the swollen area; normal foot and leg contours.
C. A 5-to 10-mm depression when the thumb is released from the swollen area; foot and leg swelling.
D. A depression of more than 1 cm when the thumb is released from the swollen area; severe foot and leg swelling.

[单项选择]The nurse is caring for a client who has a history of alcohol abuse. Why would the client act as if he didn’t have a problem（）
A. The client has never taken the CAGE questionnaire.
B. Denial is a defense mechanism commonly used by alcoholics.
C. Thought processes are distorted.
D. Alcohol is expensive.

[单项选择]A nurse is caring for a client with a history of GI bleeding, sickle cell disease, and a platelet count of 22,000/μL. The client is dehydrated and receiving dextrose 5% in half-normal saline solution at 150mL/hr. He reports severe bone pain and is scheduled to receive a dose of morphine sulfate. In administering the medication, the nurse should avoid which route（）
A. Oral.
B. IV.
C. IM.
D. Subcutaneous (SC).

[单项选择]A client with no known history of peripheral vascular disease comes to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset of lower leg pain. Inspection and palpation reveal absent pulses, paresthesia, and a mottled, cyanotic, cold, and cadaverous left calf. While the physician determines the appropriate therapy, the nurse should（）
A. place a heating pad around the affected calf.
B. elevate the affected leg as high as possible.
C. keep the affected leg level or slightly dependent.
D. shave the affected leg in anticipation of surgery.

[单项选择]A client with a history of panic attacks seeks to increase social interaction. Each time the client tries to go to the dayroom, she begins to perspire and becomes short of breath. Which action by the nurse will help ease the client’s feelings of panic
A. Have other clients volunteer to accompany the client.
B. Tell the client she has to overcome her fear.
C. Allow the client to stay in her room.
D. Walk with the client and stay with her while she’s in the dayroom.

[单项选择]The nurse is teaching a client with a history of atherosclerosis. To decrease the risk of atherosclerosis, the nurse should encourage the client to（）
A. avoid focusing on his weight.
B. increase his activity level.
C. follow a regular diet.
D. continue leading a high-stress lifestyle.

[填空题]

"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian stage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned