[不定项选择题]共用题干 某贸易有限责任公司是一家经营石材雕刻的中等规模的民营企业，主营生产与出口欧美业务，员工多为中等职业技术性人才，1998年初建企业时的一批老员工目前是公司的骨干支柱，2004年随着市场经济规模的不断壮大，公司领导计划引进一批年轻的MBA工商管理硕士作为第二梯队进行培养，但遭到骨干员工的集体反对。2008年底，随着人民币汇率的持续攀升，出口业务持续萎靡，员工的积极性受到很大影响，队伍的稳定性不断下降。一方面，核心员工受经济危机影响，不断核算自己的工作收入得失，自主权和附加责任意识不断丧失；另一方面，新员工由于缺乏技术和经验，收益减缓，呈现付出多、回报少的不平衡心态，不稳定性与不满意度日渐凸显，加之经济危机的影响，已出现小团队集体“休克”跳槽的现象；考虑到上述问题，为了防止核心人才资本的流失，清晰界定岗位的职责和任职资格，公司决定着手开展工作分析与设计。为了反映工作的内在激励度，公司着手设计MPS激励潜能分数，研究影响员工工作特征模式的核心维度。 案例中，该公司进行工作设计的原理是()。
A.科学管理原理
B.工效学原理
C.人际关系原理
D.工作特征模型理论

[不定项选择题]共用题干 某贸易有限责任公司是一家经营石材雕刻的中等规模的民营企业，主营生产与出口欧美业务，员工多为中等职业技术性人才，1998年初建企业时的一批老员工目前是公司的骨干支柱，2004年随着市场经济规模的不断壮大，公司领导计划引进一批年轻的MBA工商管理硕士作为第二梯队进行培养，但遭到骨干员工的集体反对。2008年底，随着人民币汇率的持续攀升，出口业务持续萎靡，员工的积极性受到很大影响，队伍的稳定性不断下降。一方面，核心员工受经济危机影响，不断核算自己的工作收入得失，自主权和附加责任意识不断丧失；另一方面，新员工由于缺乏技术和经验，收益减缓，呈现付出多、回报少的不平衡心态，不稳定性与不满意度日渐凸显，加之经济危机的影响，已出现小团队集体“休克”跳槽的现象；考虑到上述问题，为了防止核心人才资本的流失，清晰界定岗位的职责和任职资格，公司决定着手开展工作分析与设计。为了反映工作的内在激励度，公司着手设计MPS激励潜能分数，研究影响员工工作特征模式的核心维度。 采用激励型工作设计法来提高工作激励性的方式有()。
A.工作扩大化
B.自主性工作团队
C.工作轮换
D.机械性工作设计法

[不定项选择题]共用题干 金菲贸易有限责任公司是一家具有一定规模的民营企业，主营机械发动机生产与出口业务，员工多为中等专业技术性人才，管理基础较为薄弱.2009年以来，随着人民币汇率的升值，出口业务持续萎靡，员工的积极性受到很大影响，队伍的稳定性不断下降，老员工由于缺乏自主权和附加责任，加之经济危机的影响，已出现个别人借口休病假到对手单位上班的现象；新员工由于长期干同一种工作，缺乏工作挑战性和技能增长需求的满足，也导致工作积极性下降与效能降低.考虑到上述问题，为了提高企业效率性价比，防止人才资本的流失，清晰界定岗位的职责和任职资格，公司决定投入资金外包给专门的人力资源管理公司开展工作分析与设计. 工作分析的实施需要广大员工的支持，因此，开展工作分析时，应让员工明确().
A.工作分析的流程
B.工作分析的目的
C.需要花费的金钱和人力
D.需要员工配合的工作

[不定项选择题]共用题干 华谊贸易有限责任公司是一家经营石材雕刻的中等规模的民营企业，主营生产与出口欧美业务，员工多为中等职业技术性人才，1998年初建企业时的一批老员工目前是公司的骨干支柱，2004年随着市场经济规模的不断壮大，公司领导计划引进一批年轻的MBA工商管理硕士作为第二梯队进行培养，但遭到骨干员工的集体反对.2008年底，随着人民币汇率的持续攀升，出口业务持续萎靡，员工的积极性受到很大影响，队伍的稳定性不断下降.一方面，核心员工受经济危机影响，不断核算自己的工作收入得失，自主权和附加责任意识不断丧失；另一方面，新员工由于缺乏技术和经验，收益减缓，呈现付出多、回报少的不平衡心态，不稳定性与不满意度日渐凸显，加之经济危机的影响，已出现小团队集体“休克”跳槽的现象；考虑到上述问题，为了防止核心人才资本的流失，清晰界定岗位的职责和任职资格，公司决定着手开展工作分析与设计.为了反映工作的内在激励度，公司着手设计MPS激励潜能分数，研究影响员工工作特征模式的核心维度. 案例中，该公司进行工作设计的原理是().
A.科学管理原理
B.工效学原理
C.人际关系原理
D.工作特征模型理论

[不定项选择题]共用题干 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”
Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they af-fect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Con-servation,said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're al-so very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.”
“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an in-crease in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,”Sanders said.
The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different com-binations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area in-creased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counter-acting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.”
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obvi-ously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the main-tenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms. What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A.Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B.Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C.Ants'predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D.At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.