[Part III Reading Comprehension]

 "Usually when we walk through the rain forest we hear a soft sound from all the moist leaves and organic debris On the forest floor , " says ecologist Daniel Nepstad. "Now we increasingly get rustle and crunch. That's the sound of a dying forest. "

  Predictions of the collapse of the tropical rain forests have been around for years. Yet until recently the worst forecasts were almost exclusively linked to direct human activity, such as clear-cutting and burning for pastures or farms. Left alone, it was assumed, the world's rain forests would not only flourish but might even rescue us from disaster by absorbing the excess carbon dioxide and other planet-warming greenhouse gases.Now it turns out that may be wishful thinking. Some scientists believe that the rise in carbon levels means that the Amazon and other rain forests in Asia and Africa may go from being assets in the battle against rising temperatures to liabilities. Amazon plants, for instance, hold more than 100 billion metric tons of carbon, equal to 15 years Of tailpipe and chimney emissions. If the collapse of the rain forests speeds up dramatically, it could eventually release 3 .5-5 billion metric tons Of carbon into the atmosphere each year—making forests the leading source Of greenhouse, gases.

  Uncommonly severe droughts brought on by global climate changes have led to forest -eating wildfires from Australia to Indonesia , but nowhere more acutely than in the Amazon. Some experts say that the rain forest is already at the brink of collapse.

  Extreme weather and reckless development are plotting against the rain forest in ways that scientists have never seen. Trees need more water as temperatures rise, but the prolonged droughts have robbed them of moisture, making whole forests easily cleared of trees and turned into farmland. The Nino picture worsens with each round of EI Nino,the unusually warm currents in the pacific Ocean that drive up temperatures and invariably presage droughts and fires in the rain forest. Runaway fires pour even more carbon into the air, which increases temperatures, starting the whole vicious cycle all over again.

  More than paradise lost, a perishing rain forest could trigger a domino effect—sending winds and rains kilometers off course and loading the skies with even greater levels of greenhouse gases—that will felt far beyond the Amazon basin. In a sense, we are already getting a glimpse of what's to come. Each burning season in the Amazon, fires deliberately set by frontier settlers and developers hurl up almost half a billion metric tons of carbon a year, placing Brazil among the top five contributors to greenhouse gases in the world. 

We learn from the first paragraph that ______

A.dead leaves and tree debris make the same sound
B.trees that are dying usually give out a soft moan
C.organic debris echoes the sounds in a rain forest
D.the sound of a forest signifies its health condition

[Part III Reading Comprehension]

 When social scientists use the term culture they tend to be talking about a less restrictive concept than that implied in everyday speech. In social science,culture is all that in human society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted,whereas the commonsense usage tends to (26)______ only to the arts. Culture is thus a general term for the symbolic and learned aspects of human society,although some animal behaviourists now (27)______ that certain primates （灵长类动物）have at least the capacity for culture。

  Social anthropological ideas of culture are based to a great(28)_____on the definition given by Edward Tylor in 1871,in which he referred to a learned complex of knowledge,belief,art,morals,law,and custom.This definition implies that culture and civilization are one and the same. But this equation, although possible in English and French usage,runs (29)_______ to the German distinction between Kultur and Zivilisation,the former referring to symbols and values, while the latter deals with the organization of society.Archaeological usage, though (30)______the wholeness of human societies,makes a distinction between material culture and practice sand beliefs,the non-material or adaptive culture transmitted by teaching and tradition. Only material culture is(31)______to archaeology,whereas adaptive culture is the subject of history,sociology, and anthropology.

  For nineteenth century anthropologists,such as Tylor and Lewis HenryMorgan, culture was a conscious creation of human rationality.Civilization and culture, in this conception,showed a progressive tendency towards what were regarded as higher moral values, and this enabled the Victorian mind to construct a (32)______of cultures or civilizations which provided a rationale for colonial activities by apparently higher-order Western civilizations .

  In America,it is sometimes argued that the concept of culture can provide ways of explaining and understanding human behaviour,belief systems,values, and(33)______,as well as particular culturally specific personality types.

In cultural anthropology,analysis of culture may proceed at three levels: learned patterns of behaviour; aspects of culture that act below conscious levels(such as the deep level of grammar and (34)______ in language,of which a native language speaker is seldom aware); and patterns of thought and (35)______,which are also culturally determined.

A.ideologies

B.perception

C.hierarchy

D.junk

E.grandeur

F.point

G.syntax

H.forfeit

I.extent

J.counter

K.dissipate

L.acknowledging

M.teeming

N.accessible 

O.assert

[Part III Reading Comprehension]

  "Depression" is more than a serious economic downturn. Khat distinguishes a depression from a harsh recession is paralyzing fear—fear of the unknown so great that it causes consumers, businesses, and investors to retreat and panic. They save up cash and desperately cut spending. They sell stocks and other assets . A shattering loss Of confidence inspires behavior that overwhelms the normal self-correcting mechanisms that usually present a recession from becoming deep and prolonged: a depression.

  Comparing 1929 With 2007-09, Christina Romer, the head Of President Obama ' s Council Of Economic Advisers, finds the initial blow to confidence far greater now than then. True, stock prices fell a third from September to December 1929, but fewer Americans then owned stocks. Moreover, home prices barely dropped. From December 1928 to 1929, total household wealth declined only By contrast, the loss household wealth between December 2007 and December 2008 was 17%. Both stocks and homes, more widely held, dropped more. Thus traumatized(收到创伤) , the economy might have gone into a free fall ending in depression. Indeed, it did go into free fall. Shoppers refrained from buying cars, appliances, and other big-ticket items. Spending on such "durables" dropped at a annual rate in 2008's third quarter, a rate in the fourth. And businesses shelved investment projects.

  That these huge declines didn't lead to depression mainly reflects, as Romer argues, countermeasures taken by the government. Private markets for goads, services, labor, and securities do mostly self-correct, but panic feeds on itself and disarms these stabilizing tendencies. In this situation, only government can protect the economy as a whole, because most individuals and companies are involved in the self-defeating behavior Of self-protection.

  Government 's failure to perform this role in the early 1930s transformed recession into depression. Scholars Will debate Which interventions this time--the Federal Reserve's support Of a failing credit system, guarantees Of bank debt, Obama's "stimulus" plan and bank "stress test '—counted most in preventing a recurrence. Regardless, all these complex measures had the same psychological purpose; to reassure people that the free fall would stop and, thereby, curb the fear that would perpetuate(持久) a free fall.

  All this improved confidence. But the consumer sentiment index remains weak, and all the rebound has occurred in Americans' evaluation of future economic conditions, not the present. Unemployment (9.8%) is abysmal （糟糕的） , the recovery's strength unclear. Here, too, there is an echo from the 1930s. Despite bottoming out in 1933, the Depression didn't end until World War II. Some government policies aided recovery; some hindered it. The good news today is that the bad news is not worse. 

What is the chief purpose of all the countermeasures taken?

A.To create job opportunities free tall.
B.To curb the fear of a lasting
C.To stimulate domestic consumption.
D.To rebuild the credit system.

[简答题]1. 画出电厂380V保安段接线图。

 

2. 画出锅炉炉水泵一次水系统图。

 

3. 画出电厂循环水泵冷却及润滑水系统图。

 

 

4. 画出两相三继电器式的不完全星形原理接线图。

 

答案:答：如图E-8所示。

 

图E-8

 

 

5. 画出双冲量汽温调节系统示意图，并注明设备名称。

 

答案:答：如图E-9所示。

 

图E-9

 

 

6. 画出单相电压互感器接线图。

 

答案:答：如图E-10所示。

 

图E-10

 

7. 画出三相电源与负载采用"三相四线制"连接的电路图。

 

答案:答：如图E-11所示。

 

图E-11

 

8. 画出三相两元件有功功率表接线图。

 

答案:答：如图E-12所示。

 

图E-12

 

9. 画出6kV工作段接线图。

10. 画出电厂给水泵密封水系统图。

[简答题]When we discuss the English language,we illuminate our weaknesses,prejudices and ambitions.Language creates communities,and some of these are solidarities of complainers and pedants.A statement about proper English is a statement not only about the language,but also about people-about who the proper English are,or just about who the proper users of English are.Typically,the celebrants and defenders of proper English are celebrating or defending something other than language.Where does our sense of the sproper'come from?In arguing about what is right and what wrong in any language,we appeal to authority.This authority is embodied in academies,the Ministry of Education（or its equivalent）and universities,as well as in the pronouncements of people who have appointed themselves authorities and have become known as such.We commonly accept these judges'pronouncements.There are also geographical criteria.These are evident in statements such as'Natives of Perugia speak the best Italian'or'People in Alsace have funny accents'.Typically,we feel that there are certain environments in which our language is decently used,and we favour the usage that obtains there.Sometimes,too,we defer to the example of a significant literary figure,saying that so-and-so is a model of correctness.A broader view is that'correct English is that which is used by the best writers',but who are they,and what are the criteria for their being so esteemed?The definition tends to be circular:the best writers are the ones who best use the resources of English.When we appeal to aesthetics,our arguments become vague.The aesthetically sensitive arbiter will argue that whatever is beautiful in language is good.（49）The problem here would seem to be that the desire for beautiful language concentrates on language as an object-on the sensory pleasure it affords rather than on what it signifies.Besides,as we know from our observation of others,the constant pursuit of beauty can be embarrassing.Alternatively,we may claim that the most elegant usage is that of the social elite.Perhaps this now seems an absurd position,but not long ago it would have been perfectly normal.The democratic option is to say that all doubtful matters should be decided by ballot,or just to say that the majority is right.We also appeal to logic.（50）Although there are discrepancies between logic and the ways we use language,we frequently use arguments from logic（or from what we imagine to be logic）in order to justify our choice of words or find fault with others'choices.In practice we tend to find our usual practices logical and anything else illogical.'Logic'is often a mask for arrogance and extreme patriotism.

[简答题]We experience a burst of pleasure when we share our thoughts,and this drives us to communlcate.It is a useful feature of our brain,because it ensures that knowledge,experience and ideas do not get buried with the person who first had them,and that as a society we benefit from the products of many minds.Of course,in order for that to happen,merely sharing is not enough.We need to cause a reaction.Each time we share our opinions and knowledge,it is with the intention of having an impact on others.Here's the problem,though:we approach this task from inside our own heads.When attempting to create impact,we reflect on what is persuasive to us,our state of mind.our desires and our goals.But if we want to affect the behaviours and beliefs of the person in front of us,we need to understand what goes on inside their head.

[单选题]When we meet people for the first time,we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look.And,of course it's something that works both ways,for we too are being judged on our appearance.When we look good,we feel good,which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner.People then pick up on this confldence and respond positively towards us.Undoubtedly,it's what's inside that's important,but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us.41.For example,people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else they've seen in a magazine,but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics.Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see.There is no need to dwell on your faults-we all have good points and bad points-but think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones.42.When selecting your clothes each day,think about who you're likely to meet,where you're going to be spending most ofyour time and what tasks you are likely to perform.Clearly,some ouffits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent.However,there's no need to abandon your individual taste completely.After all,if you dress to please somebody else's idea of what looks good,you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself.43.But to know your own mind,you have to get to know yourself.What do you truly feel good in?There are probably a few favourite items that you wear a lot-most people wear 20 per cent of their wardrobe 80 per cent of the time.Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in common.Are they neat and tidy,loose and flowing?Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you don't wear and ask yourself why.Go through a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye.Is there a common theme?44.Some colours bring your natural colouring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance Try out new colours by all means.but remember that dressing in bright colours when you really like subtle neutral tones,or vice versa,will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable.You know deep down where your own taste boundaries lie.And although it's good to challenge those sometimes with new combinations or shades,take care not to go too far all at once.45.So.you've chosen an outfit that matches your style,your personality,your shape and your colouring.But does it fifl If something is too tight or too loose,you won't achieve the desired effect,and no matter what other qualities it has,it won't improve your appearance or your confidence.Sometimes,we buy things wiihout ihinking.Some people who dislike shopping grab the first thing they see,or prefer to use mail-order or the Internct.In all cases,if it doesn't fit perfectly,don't buy it,because the finer details are just as important as the overall style.Reappraising your image isn't selflsh because everyone who comes into contact with you will benefit.You'II look better and you'II feel a better person all round.And if in doubt,you only need to read Professor Albert Mchrabian's book Silent Messages to remind yourself how important outward appearances are.His research showed that the impact we make on each other depend 55 per cent on how we look and behave.38 per cent on how we speak and only 7 per cent on what we actually say.So,whatever stage you are at in your life,whatever role you play,isn't it time you made the most of yourself?45选？
A.Analyzing your own taste
B.Being cautious when experimenting
C.Finding a model to follow
D.Getting the final look absolutely right
E.Learning to be realistic
F.Making regular conscious choices
G.How to judge people

[单选题]When we were young, we ___________ to stay out after 11 o′ clock.
A.hadn't allowed
B.didn't allow
C.weren't allowed
D.wouldn't allow

[单选题]（ ）When we saw his face，we knew_______was bad.
A.the news
B.some news
C.a news
D.news

[论述题]3. favourite, this, his, pen, is（                                        ）

[论述题]2. from, he, is, southern city, a（                                        ）

[论述题]5. attended, a, yesterday, I, meeting（                                     ）