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Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.


What was the good news for scientists
A. The underground oil resources have not been affected.
B. Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive.
C. The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.
D. The underground water resources have not been polluted.

[填空题] Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world auto mobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case. Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.
Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobil

[单项选择]Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的)“drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to“reward” the babies and so taught them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but wou
A. a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C. their strong desire to solve complex problems
D. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills

[填空题]Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
If our society ever needed a reading renaissance(复兴), it’s now.The National Endowment for the Arts released "Reading at Risk" last year, a study showing that adult reading 47 have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepest drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a teenager magazine, that would have 48 , ”laments a director of research and analysis. He 49 the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which attracts would-be leisure readers to E-mail, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel.
“These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits,” says Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You. Video games 50 problem solving skills; TV shows promote mental gymna

[单项选择]Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The sight of eight long black legs moving over the floor makes some people scream and run—and women are four times more likely to take fright than men. Now a study suggests that females are genetically prone to develop fears for potentially dangerous animals.
David Rakison, a developmental psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, found that baby girls only 11 months old rapidly start to associate pictures of spiders with fear. Baby boys remain merrily indifferent to this connection.
In an initial training phase Rakison showed to baby girls and boys a picture of a spider together with a fearful face. In the following test phase he let them watch the image of a spider paired with a happy face, and the image of a flower paired with a fearful face.
Despite the spider’s happy companion, the girls looked significantly longer at it than at the flower. The researchers took t
A. people develop fears for dangerous animals by learning
B. people are born with fears for dangerous animals
C. boys do not feel frightened by the pictures of spiders
D. girls are more attracted by beautiful flowers than boys do

[单项选择]Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Each for its own reason, the study of residential mobility has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology, economics, and geography. For the economist, residential shifts provide a means for studying the housing and land markets. Geographers study mobility to understand the spatial distributions of population types. For the sociologist, interest in residential mobility has two sources: one stemming from the study of human ecology and the other, from a concern with the peculiar qualities of urban life. Of course, there are clearly overlapping concerns and it is often difficult to discern the disciplinary origins of a researcher by sole examining the kinds of questions he or she raises about mobility, although it is usually easier to identify a researcher’s discipline by noting the methods used and the concepts employed.
Urban mobility first appears in the sociological literature as a term expressin
A. the fact that people of different nationalities or ethnical groups reside in different places
B. why people of one type prefer to isolate themselves from those of another type
C. peculiar characteristics of people from different countries in choosing living places
D. what types of people like to move frequently and why they keep changing their living places

[单项选择] Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
How long will the sucking of the mosquito last
A. Less than 8 seconds.
B. No more than 12 seconds.
C. 8 to 10 seconds.
D. About 5 seconds.

[单项选择]Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

How did Gabriela Mistral become famous all over the world
A. She won the 1945 Nobel Prize in literature.
B. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.
C. She translated her books into many languages.
D. She advised many statesmen on international affairs.

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