[听力原文]
At the beginning of the 20th century, the railroads were used to transport everything. Powerful railroad companies made fortunes without having to be accountable to the public or considerate of customers. But cars and trucks changed all of that. And by 1970, the rail industry was beset with problems. Trucks were taking all the new business. And even so, the rail industry remained indifferent to customers. Also, many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting markets. But in 1980, the rail industry entered the modem era when a deregulation bill was passed that allowed railroad companies to make quick adjustments to fees and practices. Companies reduced their lines by 1/3 and used fewer employees. They also took steps to minimize damage to products and to increase their shipping capacity by stacking freight containers on railroad cars. To accommodate these taller loads, under passes and tunnels were "enlarged.
A. The use of oversized freight containers.
B. Safety problems with railroad tracks.
C. The growth of the automotive industry.
D. The high cost of meeting environmental regulations.
[听力原文]
At the beginning of the 20th century, the railroads were used to transport everything. Powerful railroad companies made fortunes without having to be accountable to the public or considerate of customers. But cars and trucks changed all of that. And by 1970, the rail industry was beset with problems. Trucks were taking all the new business. And even so, the rail industry remained indifferent to customers. Also, many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting markets. But in 1980, the rail industry entered the modem era when a deregulation bill was passed that allowed railroad companies to make quick adjustments to fees and practices. Companies reduced their lines by 1/3 and used fewer employees. They also took steps to minimize damage to products and to increase their shipping capacity by stacking freight containers on railroad cars. To accommodate these taller loads, under passes and tunnels were "enlarged.
A. To make the railway operation safer.
B. To offer passengers more comfortable journeys.
C. To meet the demand of shipping larger loads.
D. To connect the railway network with the highways.
Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of (1) , crime, poverty and moral (2) Their distrust was caused, (3) , by a national ideology that (4) farming the greatest occupation and rural living (5) to urban living. This attitude (6) even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential (7) of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands (8) the precarious (不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people (9) from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were (10) with great problems, eagerly (11) the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of th
A. distribute
B. deliver
C. transfer
D. transport
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