[填空题]Ever since humans began using their minds to master their environment, the (36) and use of an excellent memory has been (37) for anyone rising to positions of command and respect, No great leader in human history was thought to have a bad memory. As a matter of fact, the people who are looked down upon by history, (38) .from not having good leadership skills, often were the ones with poor memories.
The use of memory (39) reached its summit in the Middle Ages. People in the Middle Ages were crazy about memory systems. It seems to have had a lot to do with the (40) of paper, but there were other reasons as well. (41) systems in religion, law, government, business, and what we would nowadays call "media" were developing. In short, there was a lot to memorize. Everything in European culture of the time reflected people’s efforts to organize information in their heads. Cathedrals, with their painted wall paintings and (42

Ever since humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to use this form of expressions. Many of these symbols of whole words are very vivid and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.
Body language transmits ideas of thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of indicating that the part is only a joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking head indicates a negative reaction.
Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse Code, and smoke signals, Road maps and picture signs also guid
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 8.